Dominant vs. Submissive Dog Body Language: How to Read the Signs

🐾 Dogs Don’t Talk—But They Never Stop Communicating

Dogs may not speak our language, but they’re always saying something. Every tail wag, ear twitch, and posture shift tells a story. Once you learn to read these signals, it’s like unlocking a secret language—and it can completely transform how you understand and interact with your dog.

Whether a dog is feeling confident, nervous, playful, or unsure, their body will show it. One of the most important aspects to understand is the difference between dominant and submissive body language. This knowledge doesn’t just help you build a better bond with your dog—it can also help prevent misunderstandings and even fights between dogs.

Let’s explore what to look for.

🧠 What "Dominance" Really Means in Dogs

Before we dive into the signs, it’s important to clear up a common myth: dominance doesn’t equal aggression, and it doesn’t mean your dog is trying to be the "alpha."

In dogs, dominance is contextual. It might show up during play, around resources, or in new social situations, but it doesn’t mean the dog is dangerous or controlling. Similarly, submissive behaviour isn’t weakness. It’s a peace offering. It’s how dogs say, “I’m not a threat.”

Understanding the subtle difference between confidence and stress can help you make better choices during walks, dog park visits, introductions, and even during training.

🐕 Signs of Dominant Body Language

A dog showing dominance isn’t necessarily being rude or aggressive—they're simply projecting confidence and control. Here are some typica

l signs:

• Tall, erect posture: Standing square with weight evenly balanced.

• Tail raised high: Sometimes held stiffly or wagging slowly (this is not the same as a happy wag).

• Ears forward or upright: Showing alertness and awareness of their surroundings.

• Direct eye contact: Holding another dog's gaze—this can be a challenge in dog language.

• Mouth closed or only slightly open: Often with a serious or focused expression.

• Standing over another dog: Using body position to assert presence.

• Mounting: This isn't always sexual—sometimes it's about control or social position.

• Slow, deliberate movements: Confident dogs don’t rush—they own their space.

🟡 Note: These signs aren't inherently bad. But a dominant dog might be more likely to react if challenged or confronted.

🐶 Signs of Submissive Body Language

A submissive dog is often saying, "I want peace, not trouble." They're avoiding confrontation and trying to show respect or defuse tension. Watch for:

• Lowered body posture: Crouching, slinking, or slightly bowing.

• Tail tucked or low: It may wag gently in appeasement.

• Ears back or flattened: A signal of unease or deference.

• Avoiding eye contact: Turning the head or glancing away to reduce tension.

• Licking lips or yawning: Common stress signals—not necessarily tired or hungry.

• Rolling over and exposing belly: The ultimate gesture of vulnerability and trust.

• Submissive urination: Most often seen in puppies or nervous dogs during greetings.

🟢 Important: These signs often happen together. A dog that crouches, licks its lips, and avoids your gaze is trying to be polite, not being “guilty” or “stubborn.”

👀 Why Body Language Matters

Learning to read these signals gives you a major advantage as a dog owner, trainer, or behaviour enthusiast. It can:

✅ Prevent conflicts – You’ll know when a situation is heating up and when to step in

 ✅ Support better training – What seems like “disobedience” may be fear or discomfort

 ✅ Improve playdates and socialising – You’ll know which dogs your pup vibes with—and which ones to avoid

 ✅ Deepen your bond – Responding to your dog’s real emotions builds trust and understanding

🧩 Always Look at the Whole Picture

No single signal tells the whole story. A wagging tail can mean excitement or irritation. A raised head might be pride or anxiety. Context is everything.

Ask yourself:

• What just happened?

• Who else is present?

• What’s about to happen?

By reading the full body—not just one part—and considering the surroundings, you’ll make much better judgments.

🔍 Final Tip: Stay Calm, Stay Smart

If you notice a dominant dog stiffening, staring, or freezing, intervene before tension escalates. If a submissive dog looks overwhelmed, give them space and reassurance.

Being able to interpret your dog’s language isn’t just a skill—it’s a safety tool and a way to give your dog the life they deserve.

If you're struggling with a dog showing dominant, controlling, or reactive behaviour, I can help. Visit Contact page here to get in touch.

Dominant vs. submissive dog body language